China And Japan Dispute Over Land

The Arctic has been receiving a great deal of media attention of late, over issues of sovereignty, shipping routes, the international race for gas and oil reserves, and conservation of a highly fragile ecosystem. All of these issues have come about because the Arctic region is experiencing a rapid ice melt, thanks to global warming, opening up new territory to explore and exploit. Unfortunately, there has been very little attention paid to the issue of global security, which is surprising given that all the Arctic states are in the process of re-arming. Here's why.

Who are the Arctic States?

There are five countries who have staked a claim in overlapping parts of the Arctic region, known as the Arctic states—Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States.

International Laws on Territorial Claims

Under the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, a country can claim territory 200 nautical miles from their shoreline, thereby gaining exclusive rights to any resources in that space. If a country has scientific proof that the underwater area being claimed is an extension of their continental plate, they can extend that limit to 350 nautical miles. Countries are currently gathering geological data in hopes of claiming ownership of the Arctic region.

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